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Aymara (''Aymar aru'') is an Aymaran language spoken by the Aymara people of the Andes. It is one of only a handful of Native American languages with over three and a half million speakers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=2001 Bolivian Census )〕〔The other native American languages with more than one million speakers are Nahuatl, Quechua languages, and Guaraní.〕 Aymara, along with Quechua and Spanish, is an official language of Bolivia. It is also spoken around the Lake Titicaca region of southern Peru and, to a much lesser extent, by some communities in northern Chile and in Northwest Argentina. Some linguists have claimed that Aymara is related to its more widely spoken neighbour, Quechua. This claim, however, is disputed. Although there are indeed similarities, such as the nearly identical phonologies, the majority position among linguists today is that these similarities are better explained as areal features, resulting from prolonged interaction between the two languages, and they are not demonstrably related. The Aymara language is an agglutinating and, to a certain extent, a polysynthetic language. It has a subject–object–verb word order. == Etymology of the ethnonym == The ethnonym "Aymara" may be ultimately derived from the name of some group occupying the southern part of what is now the Quechua speaking area of Apurimac.〔Willem Adelaar with Pieter Muysken, ''Languages of the Andes'', CUP, Cambridge, 2004, pp 259〕 Regardless, the use of the word "Aymara" as a label for this people was standard practice as early as 1567, as evident from Garci Diez de San Miguel’s report of his inspection of the province of Chucuito (1567, 14; cited in Lafaye 1964). In this document, he uses the term ''aymaraes'' to refer to the people. The language was then called Colla. It is believed that Colla was the name of an Aymara nation at the time of conquest, and later was the southernmost region of the Inca empire Collasuyu. However, Cerron-Palomino disputes this claim and asserts that Colla were in fact Pukina speakers, who were the rulers of the Tiwanaku kingdom in the first and third centuries (2008:246). This hypothesis suggests that the linguistically-diverse area ruled by the Pukina came to adopt Aymara languages in their southern region. In any case, the use of "Aymara" to refer to the language may have first occurred in the works of the lawyer, magistrate and tax collector in Potosi and Cuzco, Juan Polo de Ondegardo. This man, who later assisted Viceroy Toledo in creating a system under which the indigenous population would be ruled for the next 200 years, wrote a report in 1559 entitled ‘On the lineage of the Yncas and how they extended their conquests’ in which he discusses land and taxation issues of the Aymara under the Inca empire. It took over another century for this usage of "Aymara" in reference to the language spoken by the Aymara people to become general use (Briggs, 1976:14). In the meantime the Aymara language was referred to as "the language of the Colla". The best account of the history of Aymara is that of Cerrón-Palomino, who shows that the ethnonym Aymara, which came from the glottonym, is likely derived from the Quechuaized topoynm ayma-ra-y ‘place of communal property’. The entire history of this term is thoroughly outlined in his book, Voces del Ande (2008:19–32) and ''Lingüística Aimara''.〔Rodolfo Cerron-Palomino, ''Lingüística Aimara'', Centro de Estudios Regionales Andinos "Bartolomé de las Casas", Lima, 2000, pp 34-6.〕 The suggestion that "Aymara" comes from the Aymara words "''jaya''" (ancient) and "''mara''" (year, time) is almost certainly a mistaken folk etymology. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aymara language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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